경제학원론 시험준비는 이걸로(all in English) 국제경제학 시험, (요점정리)

소개글

맨큐의 경제학, 경제학원론, 경제학 개론 원서들을
보고 요점정리하여 분량을 줄이고 효율적인
학습을 공부할 수 있도록 그림, 통계 자료를 첨부했습니다.
또 질문과 답변 형식을 통해 보다 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 돕고 있습니다.

목차

경제학원론 및 맨큐의 경제학과는 다소 다른 순서로 진행됩니다.
Production Possibility Frontier
Supply and Demand Curve
short run and long run cost
Consumer`s Selection Theory

본문내용

A. Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) Under the field of macroeconomics, the production possibility frontier (PPF) represents the point at which an economy is most efficiently producing its goods and services and, therefore, allocating its resources in the best way possible. If the economy is not producing the quantities indicated by the PPF, resources are being managed inefficiently and the production of society will dwindle. The production possibility frontier shows there are limits to production, so an economy, to achieve efficiency, must decide what combination of goods and services can be produced.  
Let`s turn to the chart below. Imagine an economy that can produce only wine and cotton. According to the PPF, points A, B and C - all appearing on the curve - represent the most efficient use of resources by the economy. Point X represents an inefficient use of resources, while point Y represents the goals that the economy cannot attain with its present levels of resources.  
As we can see, in order for this economy to produce more wine, it must give up some of the resources it uses to produce cotton (point A). If the economy starts producing more cotton (represented by points B and C), it would have to divert resources from making wine and, consequently, it will produce less wine than it is producing at point A. As the chart shows, by moving production from point A to B, the economy must decrease wine production by a small amount in comparison to the increase in cotton output. However, if the economy moves from point B to C, wine output will be significantly reduced while the increase in cotton will be quite small. Keep in mind that A, B, and C all represent the most efficient allocation of resources for the economy; the nation must decide how to achieve the PPF and which combination to use. If more wine is in demand, the cost of increasing its output is proportional to the cost of decreasing cotton production. Point X means that the country`s resources are not being used efficiently or, more specifically, that the country is not producing enough cotton or wine given the potential of its resources. Point Y, as we mentioned above, represents an output level that is currently unreachable by this economy. However, if there was a change in technology while the level of land, labor and capital remained the same, the time required to pick cotton and grapes would be reduced. Output would increase, and the PPF would be pushed outwards. A new curve, on which Y would appear, would represent the new efficient allocation of resources.

참고 자료

Investopedia
The Principles of Economics