동아시아 인신혼형 홍수신화의 구조적 탐색 : 머서족 홍수신화를 중심으로

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 한국구비문학회 ㆍ수록지정보 : 구비문학연구
ㆍ저자명 : 조현설

목차

1. 대홍수와 두 갈래의 재계보화
2. 인신혼형 홍수신화의 구조들
3. 구조와 사회적 지층의 관계

한국어 초록

대홍수 후 인류(혹은 한 집단)는 어떻게 피의 계보를 다시 그릴 수 있을까? 그 길은 남녀 양성의 결합일 수밖에 없을 터인데 동아시아 창세신화가 보여주는 그 결합형식은 근친혼과 인신혼으로 대별된다. 중국 신화학자 陶陽과 鍾秀는 중국 내 여러 민족들의 창세신화를 분석하여 대홍수 후 남녀의 결합방식을 1)兄妹婚 2)人神婚, 3)人獸婚, 4)母子婚,父女婚으로 분류한 바 있지만 기실 1)과 4)는 근친혼의 문제를 거론한다는 점에서 크게 다르지 않고, 3)의 인수혼 역시 남매혼이 먼저 있고 남매혼의 결과 딸만 태어났기에 어쩔 수 없이 여자가 동물과 결합하는 방식이라는 점에서 일종의 변형된 근친혼으로 볼 수 있기 때문이다

영어 초록

After the Deluge, how can the mankind (or a group) be started again? The way is the union of a man and a woman, but the union type in creation myth is divided broadly into two types, the near-kin marriage (a brother and a sister, a father and a daughter, a mother and a son) and the hierogamy(the marriage of a man and goddess). By the way, by comparing the flood myth of the near-kin marriage with that of the hierogamy among the East Asian creation myths, the fact that after the Deluge both of them have the denominator called the origin of the new mankind can not be denied. But the fact that the hierogamy has the peculiarity can not be denied, either. The peculiarity is that the only man who is alive on the earth gets married the goddess after testing and the grain seeds get to the earth by her. What does it mean?
Analyzing the structure of the flood myth of hierogamy, we can find there the opposing couples, ‘death/life' and 'hunting․herd/agriculture' and we can set up the mediation connecting these opposing couples. Through this structural relation of the opposing couples and the mediation, we can get to the following conclusion. The reason that the only surviving man on the earth after the flood had to suffer the testing marriage is to begin agriculture , to be exact fire agriculture, as the new production method of the society having this kind of myth and that the genealogy of mankind arranged in the same series with the metaphorical relation is to get the new life at the same time. Without the trial and verified ability, the only man on the earth can not marry goddess and without the goddess having the image of richness, there's no grain seed. And with no grain seed, no the life of mankind or clan started newly. This is the logic of the myth included in the syntagmatic structure of the flood myth of hierogamy type.
By the way, why do these opposing couples coexist in one text? The reason why the flood myth of hierogamy juxtaposes the advent of new mankind and the start of fire agriculture bringing the grain seed in same text is that the structure of this myth has a homology with the product methods or the life methods like the family structure of the society telling this myth. The flood myth of hierogamy of the minority race in the East Asia including MOSUO people is the myth which images the life methods of the time the hunting․herd production moves into agriculture and the matriarchy moves into patriarchy at the same time.

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