테러리즘의 대응관리체제에 관한 고찰 : '9. 11 테러'를 중심으로

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 한국경호경비학회 ㆍ수록지정보 : 한국경호경비학회지
ㆍ저자명 : 김이수, 안병수, 한남수

목차

Ⅰ. 서 론
Ⅱ. 「9.11테러」에 대한 분석
Ⅲ. 「9.11테러」 이후의 대응관리체제 분석
Ⅳ. 「9.11테러」 이후의 국내의 정황과 대응방안
Ⅴ. 결 론
참고문헌

한국어 초록

2001년에 있었던 ｢9.11 테러｣는 미국 당사자뿐만 아니라 전 세계인들에게 큰 충격을 안겨다 주었다. 특히 한국의 경우에는 50년 이상 남북으로 대치하고 있는 상황과 주변국의 불안정한 정세로 인하여 테러리즘의 대상국에서 제외되기는 그리 쉽지 않다. 쉽게 예를 들어, 1968년이 있었던 김신조 일행의 ｢청와대 기습사건｣, 1983년 10월 9일 미얀마 랭군 ｢한국 외교사절 암살폭발사건｣ 등과 같이 국권을 뒤흔드는 테러의 대상이 되기도 하였으며, 1986년 ｢김포공항 폭발물 사건｣, 그리고 1987년 ｢대한항공 858기 공중폭파사건｣ 등은 수많은 민간인을 대상으로 한 테러가 일어나기도 하였다. 이 같은 선례는 장래 테러가 일어날 수 있는 가능성을 충분히 가지고 있다고 해석해도 큰 문제가 되지 않을 것이다.

영어 초록

It can be said that "the September 11th Terrorist Attacks" in 2001 were not only the indiscriminate attacks on innocent people but also the whole - political, economical and military - attacks on human life. Also, "the September 11th Terrorist Attacks" can be regarded as the significant events in the history of world, which were on the peak of the super-terrorism or new-terrorism that had emerged from the 1980s. However, if one would have analysed the developments of terrorism from the 1970s, they could have been foreknown without difficulty.
The findings from this study can be summarized as the followings. First, in spite that the USA responsive system against terrorism had been assessed as perfect before "the September 11th Terrorist Attacks", the fragilities were found in the aspects of the response on the new-terrorism or super-terrorism. The previous responsive system before "the September 11th Terrorist Attacks" had the following defects as the followings: (1) it was impossible to establish the integrated strategy, because the organizations related to the response against terrorism had not integrated; (2) there were some weakness to collect and diffuse the informations related to terrorism; (3) the security system for the domestic airline service in USA and the responsive system of air defense against terrors on aircraft were very fragile. For these reasons, USA government established the ‘Department of Homeland Security’ of which the President is the head so that the many organizations related to terrorism were integrated into a single management system. And, it legislated a new act to protect security from terrors, which legalized of the wiretapping in spite of the risk of encroachment upon personal rights, increased the jail terms upon terrorists, froze the bank related to terrorist organization, and could censor e-mails.
Second, it seem that Korean responsive system against terrors more fragile than that of USA. One of the reasons is that people have some perception that Korea is a safe zone from terrors, because there were little attacks from international terrorists in Korea. This can be found from the fact that the legal arrangement against terrorism is only the President's instruction No. 47. Under this responsive system against terrorism dependent on only the President's instruction, it is expected that there would be a poor response against terrors due to the lack of unified and integrated responsive agency as like the case of USA before "the September 11th Terrorist Attacks". And, where there is no legal countermeasure, it is impossible to expect the binding force on the outside of administrative agencies and the performances to prevent and hinder the terrorist actions can not but be limited. That is to say, the current responsive system can not counteract effectively against the new-terrorism and super-terrorism.
Third, although there were some changes in Korean government's policies against terrorism, there still are problems. One of the most important problems is that the new responsive system against terrorism in Korea, different from that of USA, is not a permanent agency but a meeting body that is organized by a commission. This commission is controled by the Prime Minister and the substantial tasks are under the National Intelligence Service. Under this configuration, there can be the lack of strong leadership and control. Additionally, because there is no statute to response against terrorism, it is impossible to prevent and counteract effectively against terrorism.
The above summarized suggests that, because the contemporary super-terrorism or new-terrorism makes numerous casualties of unspecified persons and enormous nationwide damages, the thorough prevention against terrorism is the most important challenge, and that the full range of legal and institutional arrangements for the ex post counteraction should be established. In order to do so, it is necessary for the government to make legal and institutional arrangements such as the permanent agency for protection from terrorism in which the related departments cooperates with together and the development of efficient anti-terror programs, and to show its willingness and ability that it can counteract upon any type of domestic and foreign terrorism so that obtain the active supports and confidence from citizens.

참고 자료

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