현실반영 ‘온라인 PBL 설계모형’ 개발

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 한국교육학회 ㆍ수록지정보 : 교육학연구 / 43권 / 2호
ㆍ저자명 : 장정아

목차

1.서론
2.이론적 배경
3.연구방법
4.온라인 PBL 수업의 사례연구 결과 및 해석
5.현실반영 온라인 PBL 설계모형
6.논의 및 제언

한국어 초록

문제기반학습(PBL)은 학습자들에게 실제적인 문제를 제시하고, 제시된 문제를 해결하기 위해 학습자들 상호간에 공동으로 문제해결방안을 강구하고, 개별학습과 협동학습을 통해 공통의 해결안을 마련하는 일련의 과정에서 학습이 이루어지게 되는 학습방법이다. 이러한 PBL은 문제해결능력과 협동학습능력이 강조되고 있는 오늘날 교육분야에서 그 적용가능성에 대해 활발히 논의되고 있는 교수-학습방법이다. 전통적으로 PBL은 면대면 환경에서 이루어졌지만, 교육현장에서 PBL을 보다 쉽게 실천하고자 하는 노력과 온라인 교육의 질적 향상을 꾀하고자하는 시도로서 온라인에서의 PBL에 대한 논의가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 온라인 PBL을 실천하려는 노력에 비하여, 온라인 PBL의 특성이 잘 드러나도록 설계하여 실행하고 있는 사례는 매우 찾아보기 힘들다. 본 연구는 온라인 PBL을 실천하고자 하는 교수자와 교수설계자에게 실질적 도움을 제공할 수 있는 온라인 PBL 설계모형을 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해, 온라인 PBL의 설계 및 실행과 관련된 문헌검토를 통해 기존의 온라인 PBL 설계의 논리를 밝히고, 실제 이루어지고 있는 온라인 PBL 설계 및 실행과정에 대한 사례연구를 통해 실제 현상을 드러내어, 현실을 반영한 ‘온라인 PBL 설계모형’을 제시하였다. 현실반영 ‘온라인 PBL 설계모형’은 온라인 PBL을 위해 실제적으로 요구되는 단계 및 이들의 관계를 제시함으로써 온라인 PBL을 실천하고자 하는 교수자 및 교수설계자에게 현실적인 안내를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

영어 초록

The purpose of this study is to develop the model of design process for online PBL(Problem Based Learning). In order to formulate the design model of online PBL, five research questions were proposed as follows: 1) What are the viewpoints on designing online PBL? 2) What are the authentic processes of designing online PBL? 3) What are the characteristics of theoretical model and real model of designing online PBL? 4) What are the differences between the characteristics of theoretical model and real model of designing online PBL? 5) What is the online PBL design model that presents the procedures of designing online PBL and the characteristics of design process?
A literature review and a qualitative case study were performed to answer these questions. The methods and procedures of this study involved the following steps: 1) Literature reviews of online PBL: offline PBL, online PBL, designing process of offline PBL, designing process of online PBL were examined. 2) The actual designing procedures for online PBL were observed.
3) Collected data were analyzed. 4) The design model of online PBL was formulated. Especially, for describing the authentic process of designing online PBL, the in-depth interview with the instructor in the online PBL course was executed.
The overall results of the study can be summarized as follows :
1. Based on literature review, it was investigated that 1) Online PBL design process was focused on problem development, online learning space development, and management strategies. 2) Major online PBL design procedures were divided into ‘design’ and ‘implementation’.
2. In the real online PBL design settings, it was observed that 2) The step of ‘implementation’ was important in online PBL design process. 2) During online PBL design process, all design process steps were iterated. 3) Instructor in online PBL performed tutor's roles with cognitive, social, and emotional activities.
3. The design model of online PBL consisted of the five steps : analysis, design, development, implement, and evaluation, just as the general instructional design process. However, the design model of online PBL was differentiated in which it had separated and overlapped the ‘design’ and ‘implementation’ parts. Through implementation, students' needs, authentic needs was identified and reflected in design again. In other words, the design
should be a mirror of the reality on implementation. This study presented a ‘reality mirroring model of online PBL’. In order to validate the appropriateness and usefulness of this model, the expert evaluation were adopted. The expert evaluation confirmed the face validity of the model by showing affirmative responses.
Discussions on design model for online PBL and further research questions were suggested.

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