청각장애인의 사회통합 요인에 관한 연구

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 21세기사회복지학회 ㆍ수록지정보 : 21세기사회복지연구 / 5권 / 1호
ㆍ저자명 : 김순옥

목차

I. 연구의 필요성과 목적
II. 청각장애인의 이해
III. 연구의 분석틀 및 연구방법
IV. 결 론
참고문헌
ABSTRACT

한국어 초록

본 논문의 핵심 주제는 「청각장애인의 사회통합 요인에 관한 연구」로서 새로운 시도이다. 본 연구에서는 청각장애인들의 바람직한 사회통합에 미치는 여러 가지 요인들을 분석하고, 이 요인들이 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 그리고 각 요인들 간의 상호작용으로 사회적 통합에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 파악하여 청각장애인의 사회통합 기회를 확대시킬 정책 제안과 프로그램 개발의 적절한 기초 자료를 제시하고자 하였다.
본 연구는 전국의 만 18세부터 만 75세까지의 청각장애인을 대상으로 2006년 3월까지 3개월간 248 케이스를 조사하였는데 본 연구의 조사결과는 다음과 같다.
응답자 중 질환에 의한 청각장애 발생자가 63%였으며 28%만 구화교육을 받았고 83%가 수화교육을 받은 적이 있다고 응답하였으며 과반 수 이상의 응답자가 직업과 경제적 어려움을 겪고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 사회통합에 미치는 요인에는 일상생활의 능력정도와 직장생활의 만족도, 직업의 안정성이 강한 사회통합으로 이끄는 반면, 개인의 사적인 만족감에는 일상생활의 능력이 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 사회환경적 특성인 가족과의 관계정도, 교우관계의 정도, 편의시설 이용의 용이성이 사회통합에 유의미한 결과를 보여주었다. 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 청각장애인의 사회통합에는 단순히 보편적인 장애인 서비스나 지원만을 통해 달성될 수 없다는 점을 확인하였다.
긍정적인 사회통합을 위해서는 교육기회와 취업기회의 확대가 필요하며, 이를 위한 사회복지기관의 전략적 지원과 사후관리 정책이 필요하다. 또한 청각장애인에 대한 인식 개선과 의사소통 개선이 되어야 하며 지역사회의 참여가 강화되어야 한다. 나아가 여성청각 장애인을 위한 가정과 직장에서의 특별한 배려가 필요하다.

영어 초록

The purpose of this study was to delve into the social integration of hearing-impaired people. Existing studies have mostly dealt with the social integration of the disabled and made an academic contribution in one way or another. Yet few studies have ever centered around the social integration of hearing-impaired people, and this study made a new attempt to focus on it. Earlier studies on the disabled have primarily focused on labelling theory and the concepts of prejudice, discrimination, social isolation or estrangement in pursuit of the development of welfare policies and programs, and there is a tendency to overlook the hearing- impaired. In this study, the above-mentioned concepts and theory were applied, and 'the deaf culture' of the hearing-impaired was discussed in a profound manner at the same time. The word social integration has long been used over the past five decades without facing any significant challenges in the sectors of welfare for the disabled and special education, but that has mainly been used in association with the phases of academic development. In modern society, there is a more extensive and deeper understanding of the relationship between the disabled and society, and that term should consequently be replaced with another concept of social inclusion. As a matter of fact, the former was used in this study without any modification to avoid any possible conceptual confusion, but the latter was virtually given more weight. Besides, this study argued that the social inclusion of hearing-impaired people wouldn't be complete without letting them enjoy 'their citizenship' fully or almost fully in daily routine economic, social and cultural lives. That is the best explanation of the concept of social inclusion.
After this argument was selected as the framework of the study, several subjective and objective hypotheses about the social integration of the hearing-impaired were formulated. It's attempted to analyze what factors affected the successful social integration of the hearing-impaired and their life satisfaction, and how the interaction of the factors impacted their social inclusion was investigated to make it possible to devise efficient strategies geared toward stepping up their social inclusion, to make a suggestion about policy setting regarding the enlargement of social-inclusion opportunities for the hearing-impaired, and to lay the foundation for the development of relevant programs.
The subjects in this study were 300 people with hearing impairment who were at the age of 18 to 75 in Western age and selected from among congenitally and severely hearing-impaired people. They were surveyed at associations for the hearing-impaired and churches for the deaf and dumb across the nation, including Seoul and Gyeonggi province, for three months from late December 2006 through late March 2007. And the answer sheets from 248 people were analyzed.
The findings of the study were as follows:
First, as for general characteristics, those who were hearing-impaired due to disease made up the largest group that accounted for 63.2 percent. 71.7 percent didn't receive lip-reading education, whereas 82.9 percent received sign-language education, which showed that they universally relied more on sign language than on lip-leading for communication. Concerning the form of housing, the largest group that represented 55.5 percent resided in multifamily houses like apartment or row house, and their families were mostly nuclear families.
Regarding occupation, 28.5 percent, the greatest percentage, were unemployed and homemakers. 43.7 percent, the largest group, cited their own financial state as the biggest difficulty they faced, which had something to do with their occupation. As to income distribution, more than half were in the low-income brackets by earning one million won or less. So unemployment, financial trouble and low income were found as the common economic phenomena among them.
Second, whether their personal characteristics were linked to their social inclusion or not was investigated after social inclusion was divided into two: strong inclusion and weak inclusion. Involvement in local community and sustained employment were selected as the variables of the strong social inclusion, and satisfaction level with the quality of life was selected as a variable of the weak social inclusion. In regard to the influence of personal characteristics on their involvement in local community, activities of daily living, satisfaction with job and job stability made a statistically significant difference to that. As for what affected their sustained employment, the form of occupation made a statistically significant difference to that. In other words, what occupation they had exercised an influence on whether they currently worked or not. As a matter of fact, however, they weren't in the same situation, and it's not advisable to look at it as a decisive factor. It could just be interpreted that there was a close relationship between the two. Concerning the impact of the personal characteristics on life satisfaction level, only activities of daily living exerted an influence on it. Namely, activities of daily living was the only personal characteristic that affected the life satisfaction level. When only the personal characteristics were take into account, the strong social inclusion could be guaranteed by successful activities of daily living, strong job satisfaction and job stability, and their personal life satisfaction was under the influence of activities of daily living.
Third, multiple regression analysis was conducted to find out about the relationship of socio-environmental characteristics to social integration, and that produced somewhat different results. As for the impact of socio-environmental characteristics on the strong inclusion(involvement in local community), that was statistically significantly different according to relationship with family, relationship with friends and accessibility to amenities. Specifically, the hearing-impaired people were more involved with local community when they were more supported by their families, when they were closer to friends, and when they found it more satisfactory to have access to amenities. However, the environmental characteristics were found not to have any statistically significant relationship to their sustained employment, which was the other variable of the strong social integration. In other words, whether they continued to work or not wasn't affected by relationship with family and friends, support from others or accessibility to amenities. But it's not the case for the influence of the socio-environmental characteristics on the weak social inclusion(satisfaction with the quality of life). The relationship with family and accessibility to amenities exerted a significant influence on that, though the variables didn't have a strong impact.
Given the findings of the study, there is a suggestion about relevant policy setting. In a word, the social integration of the hearing-impaired is a very abstract task, and that it couldn't be achieved merely by improving their living standard or financial backing.
This task requires differentiated policies and strategies, and a supply of universal service or support ordinarily given to the disabled cannot guarantee the accomplishment of the task. The ways to expedite successful social integration could be suggested as below:
First, the hearing-impaired should be given more opportunities to receive education.
Second, the hearing-impaired should be given more opportunities to be employed.
Third, strategic support should be provided to social welfare agencies.
Fourth, post-management policies should be formulated.
Fifth, the way people look at the hearing-impaired should be changed, and there should be more dynamic communication between them.
Sixth, the kinds of environments that stimulate deaf-and-dumb people to stand on their own feet should be created.
Seventh, local community should join forces with organizations concerned in stepping up the social integration of the hearing-impaired.
Eighth, the sorts of welfare services that address the needs of hearing-impaired women and back up their role performance at home and society should be provided.

참고 자료

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