현대 자본주의 사회에서 국가와 교육

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 한국교육학회 ㆍ수록지정보 : 교육학연구 / 33권 / 5호
ㆍ저자명 : 吳旭煥

목차

요약
Ⅰ. 자본주의 사회의 변화와 교육
Ⅱ. 현대 자본주의와 국가의 기능
Ⅲ. 자본주의 국가와 교육의 관계
Ⅳ. 현대 자본주의 국가에서 교육의 의미
參考文獻
Abstract

한국어 초록

현대 자본주의 사회에서， 피지배집단은 자신들의 삶을 역사적 사회적 맥락에서 파악하고 사회불평등이 개인적 속성의 우열보다 자본주의 사회의 구조적 모순에서 기인한다고 인식하 면서 계급의식을 갖는다. 이들은 자신들의 불리한 위치를 적극적으로 극복하기 위하여 정치 적 역량을 육성한다. 현대사회에서는 지배계급이 정치권력을 독점하지 못하게 되면서 국가가 전략적 요충지로 부각되고， 계급갈등에 전략이 동원되연서 주도권을 확보하는 데 이데올로기의 장악이 중요한 방안이 된다. 그리고 이데올로기 지배의 중요한 방편으로 교육이 이용된다. 각 계급은 국가권력을 장악하기 위해서 이데올로기를 그리고 이데올로기를 장악하기 위해서 교육을 주도하려고 한다. 이 글은 레닌 그람시 알튀세르， 풀란차스의 국가론을 따라 가면서 국가와 교육의 관계를 재해석하고 현대 자본주의 국가에서 교육의 역할을 파악한다.

영어 초록

Marxist theorists have strongly argued that understanding the role of the State is central to analysis of how capitalist societies have been maintained without serious crisis. Marxist sociologists of education focus on the divergent theories on the State in order to explain how political factors lead to state interventionist policies that serve to structure and shape the reproductive function of education in capitalist society.
The general configurations of a Marxian approach to social change now have to be translated into a Marxian analysis of the educational system. This poses certain difficulties, since Marx himself dealt with public education in a very limited way. It is worth going through what he said about schooling. But in order to properly develop our analysis of education in modem capitalist societies, we have to turn to Marxist and nee-Marxist writers. In particular, we have to situate the analysis in the context of the discussion on theories of the State, a discussion which has been central to new development in Marxian thought.
In spite of the agreement among Marxists about the importance of the State, there are significant differences among them as to what the State actually is, how it works, and what the relationship is between the State and capital. Therefore, we need to review and discuss the theories of the State which had been suggested by Lenin, Gramsci, Althusser and Poulantzas.
It is not only that the most interesting debate today among Marxists revolves around the role of the State ; for practical reasons, any study of the educational system cannot be separated from some explicit or implicit analysis of the purpose and functioning of the government sector. Since power is expressed in part through society's political system, any attempt to develop a model of educational change should have behind it a carefully thought out theory of the State. Yet, even if we didn't believe that an educational system has something to do with power in a society, we would still be compelled to discuss government in understanding formal education : in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, education has been increasingly and primarily a function of the State.
Through the analysis of four Marxists' theories of the State, we can arrive at some conclusions. The State of monopoly capitalist societies is not a given structure, it is an organization which has relative autonomy. The State is a kind of battlefield where social classes struggle each other to get power. Education cannot be seen merely as tools manipulated at will by the ruling class. It is another site where classes struggle to seek hegemony. which is a necessary condition to govern the State.

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