청소년 위기와 학교의 구조적 혁신 과제

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 한국교육사회학회 ㆍ수록지정보 : 교육사회학연구 / 14권 / 3호
ㆍ저자명 : 신군자

목차

Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 글로벌 시대 청소년 위기와 청소년의 가능성
Ⅲ. 청소년의 학교 중퇴
Ⅳ. 학교의 구조적 문제
Ⅴ. 방향 및 과제
참고문헌
ABSTRACT

한국어 초록

본 연구의 목적은 학교의 구조적 혁신에 초점을 맞추어 21세기 청소년 위기의 해결을 위한 청소년교
육의 방향과 중점 과제를 제시하는 것이다.
오늘날 획일적인 경쟁원리에 의해 짓눌린 우리의 학교는 불리한 개인적 배경으로 인해 경쟁으로부터
도태되는 청소년에게 시민적 자질마저 격려하지 못하는 한편 탈근대적 다양성에 익숙해져 가는 청소년에
게 더 이상 인내하고 머물러야만 하는 곳으로 받아들여지지 않는다.
선행연구들의 결과에 의하면 개인적 요인, 가족관련 요인, 학교관련 요인들이 청소년들의 학교중퇴에
영향을 미치고 있는데 이 가운데에서도 학교관련 요인이 가장 큰 원인으로 밝혀지고 있다. 따라서 본 연
구에서는 청소년의 학업 중퇴를 분석함에 있어 학교 요인을 주로 살펴보았으며, 학교의 구조적 요인의
분석을 통해 청소년들이 학교를 떠나게 되는 직접적 원인을 도출해 보았다. 나아가서 이를 토대로 하여
사회변화의 흐름에 대응하지 못하는 학교의 구조가 어떻게 달라져야 하는지를 제시해 보았다.
글로벌 시대 청소년의 잠재력을 개발하기 위해서는 학교는 재조직되어야만 한다. 학교는 획일적이어서
는 안되며 인간적일 뿐 아니라 재미있어야 한다. 공부를 원하든 놀이나 인간관계를 원하든 각각의 적성
과 소질을 격려하고 지원할 수 있는 다양한 프로그램들과 유연한 학교문화가 필요하다. 이러한 속에서
청소년 각자의 취향과 가치들은 상호 존중되어야 한다.
따라서 본 연구에서는 청소년들의 학교중퇴를 예방하기 위하여 학교의 구조적 혁신의 필요성을 제기
하였으며, 이를 위한 방향 및 과제로 학습 프로그램의 다양화와 개인의 선택권 보장, 학생의 ‘능력’개발
에 초점을 둔 생활지도, 학교운영의 자율화와 평가체제의 확립, 지역사회내 다양한 단체, 주민 개인들을
망라한 통합적 청소년 보호체계 구축을 제시하였다

영어 초록

The problem of youth crisis is becoming one of the most critical issues affecting the very basis of
our social system, which is facing fundamental restructuring in order to deal with the youth crisis
problem and to improve the safety and well-being of the young population. Any approach to deal
with the youth crisis issues should employ a positive approach of encouraging the latent potential of
the youth rather than approaching the issue from a negative perspectives.
In our society which has been smoothly integrating the social structure with the aspirations and
their expressions as far as the process of educations concerned, a gradual deviation from the trend is
beginning to occur. One of the examples is the increasing rates of the dropout in mid-high schools.
In the past, the main reason of the dropouts were due to the economic hardship of the family. In
recent years, dropouts are more tend to be due to the systems and structural problem of the schools
failing to cope with the drastic changes of the social environment, which implies that students are
pushed out of the school due to the structural deficiencies such as a college admission oriented
education, excessive competition, persecution of less successful students, authoritative orientation and
imposition of unduly rigid and uniform criteria.
The purpose of the study is to make suggestions for the desirable emphasis and perspective of the
youth education from the view of structural reform of the educational institutions. Today, the schools
lost its functions as an entity encouraging the youth who are pushed out in the social competition
due to their disadvantages individual backgrounds and also as a home of recharging and resting in
order to adjust to the fast changing and versatile environments.
In the year of 2002 alone, at least 70,000 some mid-high school students left their schools, about
60,000 of them were due to maladjustment, family problem, and violence, etc while about 10,000
were to transfer to other schools as a result of immigration to other countries. Especially, students in
mid-high schools left due to maladjustment 22,284 (32.78%), discipline 2,493(3.67%), other reasons
5,798(8.53%), total 30,575(44.98%).It is essential in working out proper measures to deal with the
problem to identify the reason for their dropouts.
Previous studies revealed that the most important reasons for such phenomenon were related to
individual problems, family problems, and factors related to the school system itself, which happen to
be most outstanding.
Therefore, the present study placed prime emphasis upon the school systems related elements and
sought to find the causes for the high dropout rates, and developed suggestions for the reform of the
school systems which are not properly dealing with the social changes.
It is quite possible that a dropout can be due to an accidental and unfair labeling or habitual and
emotional abuse of teachers. Any mistreatment by a teacher can become a direct cause for the
dropout of a student who is struggling in the mist of individual and family difficulties, which can be
drastically reduced by providing education imbued with personal love and hopes for his growth.
In this society in which deficient family is increasing together with the social opportunity and
pleasure of spending, the schools have to work out the means to deal with the changing society in
order to encourage the potentials of the youth, it is imperative for the schools to reform themselves.
The schools should be equipped with versatile programs and flexible school culture which could
increase and support them regardless of the individual appetite of the students, for play or study.
In such environment, the aspirations and values of individual youth could be respected. In line
with this perspectives, the present study proposes the structural reform of the schools in order to
prevent or minimize dropout rates of the youth from the schools. For these purpose, further
suggestions are made for the establishment of school autonomy and independent admission and
evaluation systems based upon diversification of programs, respect of the personal choice and
exploration of the “potential ability” of students. Furthermore it is necessary to establish integrated
youth protecting system within various corporations, institutes, organizations and citizens in
communities, to create environment for protecting and guiding youth properly within communities.

참고 자료

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