明 萬曆年間 湖廣?稅太監 陳奉과 民變

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 동국사학회 ㆍ수록지정보 : 동국사학 / 56권
ㆍ저자명 : 윤상환

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 태감 陳奉의 湖廣 파견과 그 활동
1. 무뢰배 출신의 稅官
2. 密告와 誣告를 통한 수탈
Ⅲ. 湖廣지역 承天府와 守備太監 杜茂의 횡포
Ⅳ. 承天府의 民變
1. 만력 27년의 민변
2. 만력 28년의 민변
3. 만력 29년의 민변
Ⅳ. 조정 관료와 湖廣지역 사회의 저항
1. 광세사의 횡포에 대한 조정 관료들의 비판
2. 호광지역 관료와 신사의 반발
Ⅴ. 맺음말

한국어 초록

명말 만력제는 향락과 토목공사에 필요한 재원을 마련하기 위해 각지
에 환관들을 파견하였는데, 만력 27년(1599년) 호광지역에 파견된 진봉은
현지의 무뢰배를 조직하여 奏記·謀議·出入 등의 일을 나누어 맡게 하고,
다른 광세태감들과는 달리 밀고를 통해 세금을 수취하였다. 한편으로는 승
천부 수비태감 杜茂와 결탁하여 만행을 저지르고, 金을 얻기 위해 백성들
의 조상 무덤까지 파헤치는가 하면 引?까지 막아 ?戶를 격변시키면서
마침내는 호광지역에서 민변까지 촉발시켰다. 결국 17세기 초 호광지역에
서 발생한 민변의 주요 원인은 호광지역에 부과된 무거운 부세와 수비태감
의 수탈이 가중된 데서 찾을 수 있는데, 거기에다 기름을 끼얹은 것이 바로
광세태감 진봉이었다.

영어 초록

This article intends to show how tyranny of Chen Feng(陳奉), an
official for mining of Huguang(湖廣), had an influence on uprisings in
the reign of Wanli. After two palaces and three halls was destroyed by
fire, Wanli Emperor decided to send officials for mining around the
country to collect mining tax for restoration. Chen Feng was dispatched
to Huguang one of the officials whose activities were supposed to
increase tax revenues.
But Chen Feng was such a filthy that he could not be proper to
carry out his own tasks. The first step he took as an official for mining
of Huguang was to organize rogues who generally came from not only
Huguang but also Jiangsu(江蘇) and Zhejiang(浙江), as tax collectors
under his command. And he even conspired with Du Mao(杜茂), a
captain of the local defensive army. Based on these organization and
connection, he could come to extort a lot of money from the people
who lived in this region on the plea of tax.
When some of local officers did not consent to Chen Feng’s
measures, he punished them for various charges he invented. Besides, men of wealthy were accused of not informing the fact that ancient
relics were found out, since he wanted to mine for gold in their private
properties including houses, farms and even burial places. It was not
important for him whether these suspicions were true or not. So more
and more people who resided in Huguang were suffered from his
oppressions. Therefore it was tyranny of Chen Feng that became one
of the most critical agents which provoked popular riots in Huguang
along with huge burdens of compulsory labors and heavy taxations.

참고 자료

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