베트남 식물유전자원의 관리현황

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 한국국제농업개발학회 ㆍ수록지정보 : 한국국제농업개발학회지 / 24권 / 3호
ㆍ저자명 : 박홍재, 이명철, 조규택, 이석영, 김연규

한국어 초록

베트남은 지형학적으로나 기후대가 아주 다양하게 분포함에 따라 생물다양성이 풍부한 국가이다. 생물다양성확보와 유전자원의 안전보존을 위해서 1987년에 베트남 농업 연구청 소속 식물유전자원센터를 설립하여 1996년에 확대 개편하여 운영하고 있다. 베트남 유전자원센터의 정식명칭은 Center of Plant Genetic Resources(PGR)이고, 식물 유전자원의 효율적인 관리를 위해서 지역 연구소를 중심으로 관리기관을 지정하여 식물 다양성 확보, 식물 유전자원 보존 활용을 위한 기술개발 을 촉진하고 있다. 베트남의 국가관리 체계내의 관리기관들은 유용한 유전자원의 수집 관리를 위한 임무를 부여 받았다. 즉 식물자원 센터는 관리체계내의 관리기관의 업무를 조정하고21개 유전자원 관리기관이 맡은 작물을 확실히 관리하여 식물유전자원 유지할 수 있게 할 책임이 있다. 베트남에서 식물 유전자원은 약 300종(species) 25,000점(accessions)이 포장, 기내 및 종자 상태로 보존되어 있는데 매년 500점 이상의 식물자원이 수집되고 1,000점 정도가 분양되어 활용되고 있다.
지난 15년 동안 식물 유전자원센터 소속 관리기관에서 식물 유전자원 보존과 실제적인 이용은 향상되었고, 식물유전자원의 현지 보존도 증가하였으며, 농민과 연계한 현지 보존은 재래종 유전자원의 활용을 촉진시킬 뿐만 아니라 선발 육종으로 이용하고 있다. 그러나 저장시설의 열악성, 포장보존 수집 유전자원의 부적절한 평가, 현지보존의 참여자나 방법론의 부족, 정부지원 예산 및 정책의 부족 등은 유전자원 관리에 중요한 약점이다.

영어 초록

Since 1987, with the issue of the provisional regulations on genetic resources management, the conservation of Plant Genetic Resources for food and Agriculture (PGR) has been considered a national task. A small working unit consisting of just 5 people, belonging to Vietnam Agricultural Science Institute, was then formed to start implementing this national regular task. Latter, in 1996, on the basic of this unit, the Center of Plant Genetic Resources belonging to Vietnam Agricultural Science Institute was established, which had the mandate to coordinate all the activities relating to PGR throughout the country. A national network of PGR conservation was also established with 20 member institutions, each is responsible for ex situ conservation of certain crop genetic resources. More recently, in 2005 in order to better coordinate the national activities and programs towards effective conservation and sustainable use of PGR, the government of Vietnam found, asanup-gradation of the former Plant Genetic Resources Center, the Plant Resources Center(PRC) as an autonomous research institute under Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Together with all this institutional development, capacity of institutions involved have also been strengthened, and facilities for ex situ conservation of PGR at the National Network members improved. During the last 15 years, activities in all the areas of PGR conservation and sustainable use were promoted. The most significant achievements however were obtained in the area of ex situ conservation with the establishment of the National Genebank and of ex situ collections of various crops maintained by the National Network member institutions distributed all over the country. A significant number of germplasm accessions of different species were collected and maintained ex situ, bringing the total accessions number maintained ex situ to over 25,000. The characterization and information activities were also expanded. All the around 18,000 accessions maintained in the National Genebank were characterized and preliminarily evaluated, and a database containing all the relevant information was developed, maintained and shared using GMS. Each year over 1,000 germplasm accessions were accessed for different use purposes. Attention to in situ conservation was also increased during the last 15 years. Different projects were conducted with increased number of on-farm conservation sites and participation with increased number of local crop varieties recovered and reintroduced into production. Some varieties with special quality has been developed and registered. Nevertheless, there are still important weakness in all the active areas, namely poor storage facility and inadequate evaluation of the ex situ collections, limited participation and lack of methodology for in situ conservation, lack of supportive policies, limited human and financial source etc. To introduce a plant genetic resources from PRC in Vietnam, it should need to conduct cooperative research between Korea and Vietnam on characterization as well as collection and management of local crop in Vietnam.

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