대한제국의 독도영토 수호정책과 일제의 독도 침탈정책

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 영남대학교 독도연구소 ㆍ수록지정보 : 독도연구 / 18권
ㆍ저자명 : 신용하

목차

1. 머리말
2. 대한제국의 두 차례 國際調査團 파견
3. 대한제국 1900년 칙령 제41호에 의한 독도·울릉도 영유권의 만국공법(서양국제법)에 의거한 재확인 공포
4. 石島=Liancourt Rocks 의미와 石島=獨島의 세 측면의 증명 재론
5. 일본제국주의의 1905년 독도침탈 공작과 그 불법성
6. 대한제국 정부와 국민의 抗論
7. 구한말 일제의 독도 불법침탈 공작의 광복 후 일본정부에 의한 허위확대 오용로비
8. 맺음말: 일제강점기에도 독도를 조선구역으로 인정하지 않을 수 없었던 일본군 육군참모본부 지도

한국어 초록

울릉도는 개항장이 아닌데도 불구하고 일본인들이 불법 입도하여 거주하기 시작하고 일본 정부도 이를 방조하므로, 대한제국은 일본인 철환을 위해 두 차례나 국제조사단을 파견하여 현지조사를 실행하고 일본인 철수를 요구하였다. 특히 1900년 6월 내부 조사관 우용정(禹用鼎), 부산 해관 세무사 프랑스인 라포트(E. Laporte)와 일본인 관리 주 부산 일본영사관 부영사 아카츠카(赤塚正助) 등으로 구성된 제2차 “국제조사단”을 울릉도 현장에 파견하여 현지 실태를 조사케 하였다.
조사단의 보고를 받은 후에 대한제국은 1900년 10월 25일 칙령 제41호로서 지방관제를 개정하여, 종래 강원도 울진현에 속했던 울릉도와 독도를 이번에는 독립시켜 울릉도와 그 부속도서를 “울도군”으로, 격상시키고, 울도군의 관할지역을 울릉도와 죽도(죽서도)와 석도(石島, 獨島)로 법정하였다. 그리고 이 지방관제 개정 사실을 중앙정부의

영어 초록

During the late 19th century, in spite of the fact that Ullŭngdo was not an open port, Japanese people settled there, violating established laws. The Japanese government did not stop them but instead abetted them. Therefore, in June 1900 the Korean Empire dispatched a group of international investigation, comprised of inspector U Yongjŏng of the Korean Ministry of Home Affairs, a French man, E. Laporte, who worked at the Pusan Customs as a tax accountant, and Akatsuka Shosuke, Vice Consul of the Japanese Consulate in Pusan, to investigate the situation.
After receiving the report by the inspectors, the Korean Empire issued Imperial Edict No. 41 on October 25, 1900, revising the local government’s control and making Ullŭngdo and Dokdo, which were part of Uljin County of Kangwŏn Province, administratively independent. Consequently, Ullŭngdo and the surrounding islands fell under the jurisdiction of Uldo County, including Ullŭngdo and Chukdo (Chuksŏdo) and Sŏkdo (Dokdo, Rock Islet) by law. On October 27, 1900 this revised local government system was both domestically and internationally announced via Kwanbo, the official newsletter of the Korean government. It was declared again to the world that Ullŭngdo and Dokdo(Rock Islet) belonged to the Korean Empire according to western international laws. At the time, Japan raised no objections.
At the time, Dokdo was not called by its original name Usando but was called Sŏkdo. The reason was that Ullŭngdo citizens called stones(rocks) “dok” in their dialect. As the educated people used the Chinese writing system, the word “dok” which was used by the common people was replaced by the corresponding Chinese character “sŏk.” Therefore, Dokdo became Sŏkdo, meaning the “Stone(Rock) Island(Islet).”
Furthermore, one of the international inspectors, E. Laporte who was well versed in international law knew that in the West, Dokdo was called “Liancourt Rocks.” It was also written as “Liancourt Sŏkdo” which explains why it was written as “Rock Islet(Stone Island).”
Therefore, on the Imperial Edict No. 41, the name was taken from the meaning of the island and was written as Sŏkdo(Rock islet) including the western name of Liancourt Rocks.
In 1904 Japan started the Russo-Japanese War, and was planning to install Japanese navy watchtowers on Dokdo. on January 28, 1905 at the Japanese Cabinet meeting, Dokdo was incorporated into Japanese territory and it was named Takeshima by Japanese imperial government secretly.
The Japanese government argued that, “There is no vestige of ownership of the island (Dokdo) by any other country,” which was the basis for claiming Dokdo to be terra nullius. When it was proved that Dokdo was not terra nullius in January 1905, but was owned by Korea, the Japanese Cabinet’s decision to incorporate the island as its territory should have been annulled according to international law.
Since Dokdo was Korean territory, not terra nullius, Japan’s claim and subsequent surreptitious appropriation of Dokdo in 1905 was a violation of international law and was therefore invalid. At the time, the Japanese government knew Dokdo was Korean territory and that was why they could not publicize it in the official gazette Kanpo.
Korea was colonized by Japan in 1910, and the territorial controversy regarding Dokdo became a problem that needed to be dealt with after Japan surrendered and Korea regained its independence.

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