A critical review on biochar for environmental applications

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 한국탄소학회 ㆍ수록지정보 : Carbon letters / 33권 / 5호
ㆍ저자명 : R. Sivaranjanee, P. Senthil Kumar, Gayathri Rangasamy

목차

A critical review on biochar for environmental applications
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature survey
3 Categories of ECs
3.1 Pharmaceuticals
3.2 Endocrine disrupting chemicals
3.3 Pesticides
3.4 Other pollutants
3.4.1 Heavy metals
3.4.2 Dyes
4 Biochar
5 Biochar activation
6 Production of biochar
6.1 Pyrolysis
6.1.1 Slow pyrolysis
6.1.2 Fast pyrolysis
6.1.3 Flash pyrolysis
6.2 Torrefaction
6.3 Gasification
7 Biochar application
8 Hydrochar
9 Production of hydrochar
9.1 Hydrothermal carbonization
9.2 Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL)
9.3 Hydrothermal gasification
10 Elemental changes brought about by HTC
11 Structural changes in hydrochar
12 Hydrochar properties
13 Hydrochar activation
13.1 Physical activation
13.1.1 Steam activation
13.2 Chemical activation
13.2.1 Acid activation
13.2.2 Alkali activation
14 Benefits of Hydrochar
15 Difference between biochar and hydrochar
16 Applications of hydrochar
17 Future scope
18 Conclusion
References

영어 초록

Water contamination is one of the most pressing environmental issues of the present. There is a significant amount of interest in the slow pyrolysis of biomass to produce biochar, a solid byproduct that is stable and rich in carbon. Adsorbents manufactured from hydrochars, sometimes referred to as hydrochar created by hydrothermal methods, have been tested for the removal of possible contaminants from wastewater. The hydrothermal processes of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and liquefaction (HTL) yield hydrochars, a distinct category of biochar. Because of its peak efficiency, large surface area, large size of pore and capacity to regenerate, hydrochar is an acceptable option for the rehabilitation of a range of pollutants. The formation, activation, identification, and use of biochar and hydrochar were highlighted in this review. The physiochemical properties of the char produced by the two processes are very different, which has an impact on their potential uses in areas like wastewater pollution remediation, soil improvement, greenhouse gas emission and carbon sequestration among others.

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