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Oil Wetting vs. Water Wetting
Polar vs. Nonpolar Oils

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Oil Wetting vs. Water Wetting
Posted: April 25, 2007
Tony O’Lenick explores the difference between oil wetting and water wetting.
Surfactants are molecules that consist of two groups that are normally insoluble in each other--commonly, an oil-soluble and a water-soluble group. This makes them amphiphilic since oil and water are two immiscible phases. The dual nature of the molecule makes the molecule surface active.
In the case of materials that possess water-soluble and oil-soluble groups, surfactant properties are observed in the solvent in which they are soluble, most often water. The molecules are in the lowest free energy state at the interface between water and air or in micelles, depending upon concentration. The orientation of the molecules at the surface and in micelles allows the surfactant to reduce surface tension, wet, foam and provide detergency depending the exact structure. While surfactants possessing water- and oil-soluble groups are the most common type of surfactant, they are by no means the only type.
Another equally important but often overlooked surfactant system is one in which the molecule possesses a silicone-soluble group and an oil-soluble group. Such a molecule is stearyl dimethicone.

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