Francis Bacon의 Of Studies

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Francis Bacon은 르네상스 후의 근대철학, 특히 영국 고전경험론의 창시자이다. 인간의 정신능력 구분에 따라서 학문을 역사 ·시학 ·철학으로 구분했다. 다시 철학을 신학과 자연철학으로 나누었는데, 그의 최대의 관심과 공헌은 자연철학 분야에 있었고 과학방법론 ·귀납법 등의 논리 제창에 있었다.

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is in privateness and retiring; for ornament is in discourse; and for ability is in the judgement and disposition of business; for expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one: but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar: they perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above hem, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute, not to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read but not curiously, and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.

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