영어를 배우는데 있어 학습자들에게 가장큰 문제점은 무엇인가

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Second language learners have a great deal of difficulty learning second language, so learners lose confidence to study the target language. What on earth de-motivates learners?
First, some scholars contend that there is a critical period for English acquisition, so if learners pass the specific period, scholars think it`s difficult to acquire language. Neurologically, as people mature, `lateralization` occurs in the human brain. Mainly, the left hemisphere of brain controls language functions. Eric Lenneberg suggested that `lateralization` begins around the age of 2 and is completed around puberty. Thomas Scovel also proposed a relationship between `lateralization` and second language acquisition. They said that the flexibility of the brain prior to completion of `lateralization` enables children to acquire target language easily. Cognitively, Piaget outlined the course of cognitive development stages of childhood. The sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational stage, and the formal operational stage are the cognitive development stages. In Piaget`s outline, a critical period for foreign language acquisition is the transition between Concrete and Formal stage, because at this moment, children become capable of abstract thinking. The affective difference between children and adults causes significantly different



The members of the Tukano community began to speak two or three other languages in adolescence, and as they approaches old age, they went on to perfect their knowledge of all the languages. Moreover, whatever there differences exist between languages and cultures and no matter how circumstances hinder learners, if learners have interest in acquiring second language, nothing can interfere with their language learning. Consequently, the most powerful obstacle is eliciting learner`s intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation allow learners to engage in classroom activities for their own sake and to bring about internally rewarding consequences like feeling of competence, autonomy, or self-determination. Even though learners elicit their intrinsic motivation by themselves from time to time, in most cases, teachers` role is significantly important. Teachers should bear in mind that they are not rewarders but enablers. Therefore, teachers should help learners to take charge of their own learning and give students choices in activities, topics, discussion, etc. to maximize learners` autonomy.

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