(질소고정)nodulation 발표자료

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전에 등록한 (질소고정)nodulation 논문의 ppt입니다.

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Introduction
Nitrogenase, the enzyme complex responsible for nitrogen reduction, is irreversibly inactivated by oxygen; therefore, this process requires conditions that are anoxic or nearly anoxic. In oxic environments nitrogenase is protected from inactivation by being sequestered in differentiated cells with morphological and biochemical characteristics that limit exposure of nitrogenase to oxygen. In some plants, root nodules develop to house nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a microaerobic environment. This process, a type of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, is, for the most part, restricted to a limited number of bacterial groups, including the genera Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Azorhizobium (collectively referred to in this review as rhizobia) and Frankia.
Rhizobia carry most of the genes specifically required for nodulation either on large (500- kbp to 1.5-Mbp) plasmids or on symbiosis islands. Interestingly, it has been recently discovered that bacteria from outside the Rhizobiaceae can induce nodules on legumes. Apparently these species have acquired, by horizontal gene transfer, plasmids or islands that contain many of the same genes used by typical Rhizobiaceae to induce nodule formation and catalyze nitrogen fixation.
Nodules induced by rhizobia are of two general kinds, determinate and indeterminate. These differ in a number of respects, one of the most important being that indeterminate nodules are elongated and have a persistent meristem that continually gives rise to new nodule cells that are subsequently infected by rhizobia residing in the nodule.
Nitrogenase는 질소 환원을 위한 효소이며, 산소에 의해 불활성화된다

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