유체역학-유체정역학 설명자료

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유체역학-유체정역학 설명자료

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2.1 PRESSURE AT A POINT
2.2 BASIC EQUATION OF FLUID STATICS
2.3 UNITS AND SCALES OF PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
2.4 MANOMETERS
2.5 FORCES ON PLANE AREAS
2.6 FORCE COMPONENTS ON CURVED SURFACES
2.7 BUOYANT FORCE
2.8 STABILITY OF FLOATING AND SUBMERGED BODIES
2.9 RELATIVE EQUILIBRIUM

본문내용

The science of fluid statics will be treated in two parts : the study of pressure and its variation throughout a fluid and the study of pressure forces on finite surfaces. Special cases of fluids moving as solids are included in the treatment of statics because of the similarity of forces involved. Since there is no motion of a fluid layer relative to an adjacent layer, there are no shear stresses in the fluid. Hence, all free bodies in fluid statics have only normal pressure forces acting on their surfaces.
流體靜力學은 두 부분으로 나누어 취급될 것이다 : 유채내에서의 압력과 압력의 변화에 대한 연구와 압력에 의하여 유한한 면적에 미치는 힘에 대한 연구가 그것이다. 유체가 마치 고체처럼 운동하는 특별한 경우는 작용하는 힘들이 정지유체의 경우와 유사하므로 정力學의 범주에 포함시킨다 왜냐하면 어느 유체층과 인접층 사이에 相對運勳이 없고 유체에서의 전단응력도 일어나지 않기 때문이다. 그러므로 유체정역학에서 다루는 모든 자유물체는 그 표면에 작용하는 힘으로서 압력에 의한 수직력만을 갖는다.

2.1 PRESSURE AT A POINT

The average pressure is calculated by dividing the normal force pushing against a plane area by the area. The pressure at a point is the limit of the ratio of normal force to area as the area approaches zero size at the point. At a point a fluid at rest has the same pressure in all directions. This means that an element δA or very small area, free to rotate about its center when submerged in a fluid at rest, will have a force of constant magnitude acting on either side of it, regardless of its orientation.
To demonstrate this, a small wedge-shaped free body of unit width is taken at the point (x, y) in a fluid at rest (Fig.2.1). Since there can be no shear forces, the only forces are the normal surface forces and gravity. So, the equations of motion in the x and y directions are, respectively,

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