금속조직관찰

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현미경을 활요해서 본 금속조직

목차

Ⅰ. 서론 ············································································· 1
1.1. 연구배경 및 목적································································ 1
1.2. 관련이론1········································································· 1
1.2.1 강이란?··································································· 1
1.2.2 전위··································································· 6
1.2.3 변태··································································· 10
1.2.4 상태도··································································· 12
1.2.5 조직·································································· 15
1.2.6 탄소의 역할···························································· 19
1.2.7 특수원소의 효용······························································ 22
1.3 관련이론2······························································· 32
1.3.1 시료의 채취 및 절단························································ 32
1.3.2 마운팅································································ 34
1.3.3 그라인딩································································ 36
1.3.4 폴리싱································································ 38
1.3.5 에칭································································ 45
1.3.6 현미경································································ 47
1.3.7 필름································································ 52
1.3.8 사진인화································································ 53
Ⅱ. 본론 ············································································· 54
2.1 실험방법 ································································· 54
Ⅲ. 결과 및 고찰 ································································· 65
3.1 결과························································· 65
3.2 고찰·························································74
Ⅳ. 참고문헌········································································76

본문내용

1.1. 연구 배경 및 목적
야금이란 순금속을 얻기 위해 광석으로부터 분리, 유출하여 얻은 금속을 정련하여 사용목적에 적합한 성질, 형태로 바꾸는 것을 말한다. 야금학은 응용과학의 한분야로서 크게 금속공학이라 하는데 이것을 세분하면 물리야금과 화학야금, 가공야금으로 구분한다. 여기서 우리가 실험한 물리야금에 대해 알아보자. 물리야금이란 자연계에는 대단히 많은 종류의 물질이 존재하는데 이것들을 구성하고 있는 원자의 종류는 불과 백여 종 정도이다. 이 원자를 다시 분석해 보면, 미립자의 틀리는 조합에 의하여 생기고 있다. 어떤 종류의 원자도 한 개의 원자핵과 이것을 둘러싸고 있는 몇 개의 전자로 구성되어 있다. 금속 결정의 높은 전도율을 가지는 것은 결정 내에서 비교적 많은 수의 전자가 자유로이 움직일 수 있기 때문이다. 이것은 금속원자는 최외각 전자를 쉽게 방출하기 때문에 결정을 만들고 있는 각 원자에서 방출된 원자가 결정 전체에 공유되어 있기 때문이다. 각종 재료로 제조된 부품의 외관 결함은 용이하게 발견할 수 있으나 내부결함은 찾아내기가 용이하지 않다 국산부품과 외산부품을 비교하면 외관은 동등한 수준이나, 수명 및 성능의 차이가 있다고 흔히 얘기되고 있는데 이 이유는 재료의 내부구조 즉 미세조직의 차이에 기인하는 것이라 알려져 있다. 일반적으로 재료의 제반 성 질은 그 미세조직과 밀접한 관계를 가진다. 즉, 어떤 재료의 미세조직을 현미경으로 관찰하면 석출 상이나, 결정립의 형상 또는 편석, 기공부분의 상황 등을 판별할 수 있어, 하는 각종 파단 및 사고의 원인규명에 없어서는 안 되는 것 이 조직검사기술이며, 생산 현장에서도 신뢰성 있는 양질의 각종 부품 또는 중간재를 수요자에게 공급하기 위한 방안의 하나로 조직검사를 통한 품질관리 기법이 널리 이용되고 있다. 그렇기 때문에 시편절단부터 사진인화작업 까지 실험을 통하여 원하는 조직관찰의 목적을 달성할 수 있다.
1.2관련이론1
1.2.1 강이란?
우리가 사용하는 고체금속은 원자로 구성되어 있다고 하는 것은 말할 것도 없다. 이 원자가 마음대로 돌아다니는 것이 아니고 짜여진 틀 속에서 규칙적으로 배열되어 있는 것이다. 만일 원자가 제맘대로 돌아다닌다고 하면 정해진 형태를 갖추지 못하고 기체 또는 액체가 되고 마는 것이다. 철은 고체이므로 원자도 규칙에 맞추어 일정하게 배열되어 있는 것이다. 이와 같은 원자의 규칙적인 배열법은 결정격자(結晶格子) 라고 부른다. 어느 금속의 결정격자는 그 금속 특유의 것으로서 금속이 달라지면 결 정격자도 달라지게 된다. 그러나 금속의 결정격자는 대체로 3가지 형태로 나눌 수 있다. 그 3가지란, 체심입방(體心立方, B.C.C), 면심입방(面心立方, F.C.C.), 조밀육방 (稠密六方, C.P.H.)이다.
1.2.1.1 체심입방 - α철

참고 자료

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