반값등록금 정책분석

소개글

정책학개론 수업에서 반값등록금 정책 사례분석을 한 보고서입니다. A학점 받았습니다.

목차

1. 서론 ······································································································································ 4
1) 분석 대상: 박근혜 후보의 반값 등록금 정책 ···················································· 4
2) 분석 방법 ····················································································································· 4

2. 박근혜 후보의 등록금 정책 ······················································································ 5
2.1 정책내용 ····················································································································· 5
1)맞춤형 등록금 제도 ······································································································· 5
2)학자금 대출 금리 인하 ································································································· 5
3)기타 ···································································································································· 6

2.2 핵심가치 ······················································································································· 6
1)정책 자체의 형평성 ······································································································· 6
2)정책 대상자의 형평성 ·································································································· 7

3. 정책 문제 Frame ·············································································································· 8
3.1 반값 등록금 정책의 프레임 방식 ······································································ 8
1)일반적인 프레임 ············································································································· 8

2)구체적인 틀 짓기 ·········································································································· 8
①Symbols ··························································································································· 8
②Metaphor ························································································································· 8
③Synecdoche ····················································································································· 9
④Number ···························································································································· 9

3.2 박근혜 후보 정책의 프레임 ················································································· 9
1)정책 대상자 ····················································································································· 9
①대학생 ······························································································································ 9
②학부모(소득이 적거나 등록금 지원이 없는 경우) ······················································ 9

2)정책 표현 방식 ··············································································································· 9
①교육정책 ·························································································································· 10
②중산층 재건 10프로젝트 ······························································································· 10

4. 수혜자-부담자, B/C 분석 ······························································································ 10
4.1 등록금 정책의 수혜자 ···························································································· 10
1)대학생 ································································································································ 10
2)대학생 자녀를 둔 학부모 ····························································································· 11
3)대학 ····································································································································· 11
4)학자금 지원 기업․단체 ·································································································· 11

4.2 등록금 정책의 부담자 ···························································································· 11
1)일반 납세자 ····················································································································· 11
2)대학에 진학하지 않는 학생들 ···················································································· 11
3)국가 ···································································································································· 11
4)대학 ···································································································································· 12

4.3 등록금 정책에 따른 편익-비용(B-C) 분석 ···················································· 12
1)편익 측면 ·························································································································· 12
①실질적인 등록금 부담 완화 ···························································································· 12
②국가 경제 성장과 경쟁력 확보 ······················································································ 12
③대학재정 투명화 ··············································································································· 12
④대학 간 경쟁력 향상 ······································································································· 12
⑤졸업 후 기대소득 증대 ··································································································· 12

2)비용 측면 ·························································································································· 12
①재원마련의 문제 ··············································································································· 12
②소득재분배와 수익자부담 원칙의 측면에서의 문제 ···················································· 13
③학력 인플레 문제 ············································································································· 13
④청년실업과 대졸실업의 심화 문제 ················································································· 13
⑤부실대학 구조조정 지연 ·································································································· 13
⑥재원배분의 우선순위 문제 ······························································································ 13

5. 현장조사 ······························································································································· 14
1)등록금 현황 및 충당경로 ······························································································ 14

2)장학제도에 대한 평가 ···································································································· 15
①현행 장학제도 평가 ·········································································································· 15
②박근혜 후보의 정책 평가 ································································································ 16

6. 결론 ········································································································································ 17

본문내용

현재 한국 사회는 대학진학률이 80%에 이르며 고등교육에 대한 수요와 공급이 지속적으로 확대되고 있다. 이러한 상황에 더불어 2011년 기준 사립대의 평균 등록금은 768만원으로 한 분기 가계 평균 소득의 16%에 달하며, 등록금 조달을 위한 학자금 대출액은 약 3조원에 이르며 구직자의 절반 가까이가 이러한 빚을 갚고 있는 실태를 보인다. 따라서 대학 등록금은 사회적으로 민감한 문제가 아닐 수 없으며 등록금 인하에 대한 논의는 범국민적 관심사라 할 수 있다. 실제로 이러한 국민적 관심사는 지난 2011년 야권의 `반값 등록금` 추진에 대한 대대적인 언급으로 사회적 이슈로 재조명된 바 있다.

<중 략>

2)대학에 진학하지 않는 학생들
등록금 정책의 경우 대학진학률이 80%에 육박하여 대부분의 학생들이 대학에 진학한다는 전제하에 이루어지는 정책이다. 때문에 상업고등학교나 공업고등학교등과 같이 대부분의 학생들이 졸업 후 취업전선에 뛰어드는 경우 일찍 취직해 발생하는 기회비용이 증가할 수 있다. 이는 형평성을 추구하는 정책이 오히려 형평성에 문제를 유발하는 것으로 반값 등록금 정책이 대학진학을 종용하여 전문화 고등학교의 존립을 위태하게 할 수 있는 부작용을 낳을 우려가 있다.

<중 략>

이렇듯 명시적인 화폐적 가치만으로 실효성을 따지기엔 예상되는 문제점들이 다양하다. 특히 실효성 여부 자체가 정치적 결정이 되어 객관성을 상실할 수가 있지만, 다른 측면에서는 비록 비용이 더 크더라도 형평성이라는 가치 차원에서 정책 시행이 바람직하다고 할 수도 있다. 즉, 박근혜 후보의 반값 등록금 정책은 현재 시행되고 있는 장학금 제도를 보완하여 표면적으론 등록금 경감이라는 목적을 이룰 수 있는 실효성을 지니고 있다. 그러나 정책 시행에 따라 나타날 수 있는 무형적, 혹은 간접적인 문제들까지 고려한다면 단순히 등록금을 경감하여 형평성을 달성할 수 있는 효과적인 정책이라고 보기는 어렵다.

참고 자료

조하현, 반값 등록금과 무상시리즈에 대한 진단과 해결안, KERI(한국경제연구원) 칼럼, 2012. 01. 13
유진성, 반값 등록금의 문제점과 시사점, KERI(한국경제연구원) 브리프, 2011. 06. 28
안종석, 반값등록금 논의와 정책방향, KIPF(한국조세연구원) [조세·재정브리프], 2011. 06. 01