[영어 에세이] 한국, 중국, 일본의 근대화 과정 비교

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미국대학교 동아시아 근대사 시간에 A를 받은 작품입니다.

한국, 중국, 일본의 근대화 과정을 비교정치학적으로 분석했으며 그 과정에서 제국주의, 공산주의, 반공주의, 민족주의 등의 사상이 국내외적으로 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지에 대해 다뤘습니다.

동아시아 근대화 과정의 개괄적인 이해에 많은 도움이 될 것입니다.

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본문내용

The world has been much smaller since the 19th century when the European countries turned their eyes to Asia for new colonies and markets. From then on China, Korea, and Japan had to face a totally new world. The traditional belief of China being the center of the world was abolished, and the western countries rose as new regional powers and big threats to the Asians. After the period of invasion and colonialism, the primary goal of the Asian countries was to build a modern nation-state and develop its economy rapidly and efficiently in order to compete with the West. In Europe and America, modern industry and liberal democracy were natural outcomes of their long history of progress since the Enlightenment era. It is often said that they were modernized from below or the western model was ‘modernization from below’ in the sense that modernization in the West was not achieved intentionally by government programs, but through natural development of capitalism and technology in the society. However the so-called Third-world countries in Asia didn’t have much time after their decolonization, and simultaneously, they had specific models to follow, the West or Japan. Thus modernization in Asia was often an artificial outcome made by the government effort to follow the path of the West and Japan. The government’s strategies of development such as Meiji Restoration of Japan and the 5-year Economic Development Plan of Korea, rather than individuals, played the main role in transforming the country. Accordingly the Asian models of modernization are often referred to as the ‘modernization from above’.

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