[영문법] 조동사 - 조동사의 용법 등

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조동사의 용법 등을 정리한 글입니다.

목차

1. May, Might의 용법
2. Can, Could의 용법
3. Must의 용법
4. Have to, had to의 용법
5. Will, Would, Shall의 용법
6. Would의 용법
7. Should의 용법
8. Ought to의 용법
9. Dare의 용법
10. Need의 용법
11. Used to의 용법

본문내용

1. May, Might의 용법

(1) 허락, 허가: ∼해도 좋다 (↔ must not)

May I smoke here?
Yes, you may. (허가) / No, you may not. (불허가) / No, you must not. (금지)
You may go into the garden; but you must not pluck the flowers.
You may call him a good scholar, but you cannot call him a good teacher.
He may be called a poet, but he cannot be called a scholar.

(2) 추측, 추정:∼일지도 모른다 (↔ may not)

What he says may be true, or may not be true.
He may be rich. = It is possible that he is rich. (현재의 추측: may+원형)
He may have been rich.
= It is possible that he was rich. (과거의 추측: may have+p.p)

* “might have + p.p.”는 가정법 과거완료

He may meet her. (= It is possible that he meets her.) : 현재의 추측
He may have met her. (= It is possible that he met her.) : 과거의 추측
I may have seen him before.
He may have said so. (추정 : 진짜 그렇게 말했을지도 모른다.)
He might have said so. (그는 그렇게 말할 수 있었는데.(실제는 그렇게 말하지 않았다): 가정)
He might have met her.
= He might have met her, if he had not been busy. (가정법 과거완료)
= He did not meet her, as he was busy. (직설법 과거)

(3) 가능, 능력 (= can)

예)

Gather roses while you may. (시기를 놓치지 마라)
A man may be known by his friends.

(4) 시제 일치
예) She said it might rain. (= She said, “It may rain.”)

참고 자료

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