한컴오피스 
목차
1. 서 론2. 본 론
2.1 천연물질의 OSCC chemo-prevention mechanism
2.2. 구강암과 천연물질
2.2.1 모나스커스 색소
2.2.2 녹차
2.2.3 curcumin
2.3. 현재 드러난 한계점 및 추후 방향 설정
3. 결 론
4. 참고문헌
본문내용
우리가 쉽게 접하는 과일, 야채, 약초 추출물, 즉 천연물질 에는 이들에 함유된 약효성분의 암 예방 및 항암 효능이 대두되고 있다. 예를 들어 인도의 경우 씹는담배를 많이 사용하기 때문에 구강암의 발생률이 다른 나라에 비해서 매우 높지만 암 예방물질이 포함된 것으로 알려진 카레를 많이 먹기 때문에 전체적인 암 발생률은 다른 국가에 비해서 상대적으로 낮다.이러한 GRAS(generally recognized as safe)들은 역학적 조사를 통해 생체적합성이 이미 보장되어 있다는 점과 널리 쓰이고 있기에 환자의 입장에서 거부감이 덜하여 임상에 적용하기 쉬운 이점들을 함께 지니고 있다. 따라서 천연물질에 포함되어 있는 암 예방성분을 찾아서 개발하게 된다면 구강암의 발생률 및 발병된 환자들의 사망률을 크게 낮출 수 있으리라 기대하고 있다.
<중 략>
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)는 암 중에 가장 빠른 증가폭과 높은 mortality rate을 보이며 여자보다 남자에서 더욱 빈발한다. (Parkin et al., 2001). OSCC는 다양한 원인에 의해 일어나는데 이에는 유전적 취약성, 생활습관 (담배,알콜섭취, 구강 위생 불량, 카로테노이드와 같은 phytochemical 식이의 부족)이 risk factor로 작용한다.
섭취물의 Chemoprevention은 OSCC의 발생을 조절하는 효과적인 전략으로 발전해 왔고 최근의 경향도 이것에 관련된 metabolism을 밝혀내고 암의 치료와 예방에 적용하는 방향으로 나아가고 있다. 본문에서 언급될 실험들을 포함하여 실험상의 animal tumor model에서 사람의 OSCC를 모방하여 실험이 이루어지고 있고, 양성에서 침투성 악성종양으로의 진행을 예방하거나 막기 위해서 역학적이거나 실험적인 연구를 통해 phytochemical과 같은 항암후보물질을 발굴하고자 노력하고 있다.
참고 자료
Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MTD, Mazur M, Telser J (2007) Free radicals and antioxidant in normal physiological function and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 39:44–84Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P (2001) Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000. Int J Cancer 94:153–156
Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowski J, Skipper PL, Wishnok JS, Tannenbaum SR (1982) Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N] nitrate in biological fluids. Anal Biochem 126:131–138
Pace E, Siena L, Ferraro M, Profita M, Mondello P, Chiappara G, Montalbano AM, Giarratano A, Bonsignore G, Gjomarkaj M (2006) Role of prostaglandin E2 in the invasiveness, growth and protection of cancer cells in malignant pleuritis. Eur J Cancer 42:2382–2389
Yancopoulos GD, Davis S, Gale NW, Rudge JS, Wiegand SJ, Holash J (2000) Vascular-specific growth factors and blood vessel formation. Nature 407:242–248
Kupferman ME, Myers JN (2006) Molecular biology of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 39:229–247
Bradley G, Irish J, MacMillan C, Mancer K, Witterick I, Hartwick W, Gullane P, Kamel-Reid S, Benchimol S (2001) Abnormalities or the ARF-p53 pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 20:654–658
Wong, H. M. (2014) Oral Complications and Management Strategies for Patients Undergoing Cancer Therapy. Hindawi Publishing Corporation,e Scientific World Journal Volume 2014, Article ID 581795, 14 pages
Marcello Iriti, Elena Maria Varoni (2013) Chemopreventive Potential of Flavonoids in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Human Studies, Nutrients 2013, 5, 2564-2576; doi:10.3390/nu5072564
Chang WC, Yu YM, Wu CH, Tseng YH, Wu KY (2005) Reduction of oxidative stress and therosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits by dioscorea rhizome. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 83:423–430
Hsu WH, Lee BH, Pan TM (2010a) Red mould dioscorea-induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis in human oral cancer cells. J Sci Food Agric 90:2709–2715
Hsu WH, Lee BH, Pan TM (2010b) Protection of Monascus-fermented dioscorea against DMBA-induced oral injury in hamster by anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potentials. J Agric Food Chem 58:6715–6720
Hsu WH, Lee BH, Pan TM (2011) Effects of red mold dioscorea on oral carcinogenesis in DMBA-induced hamster animal model. Food Chem Toxicol 49:1292–1297
Bickers DR, Athar M (2006) Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of skin disease. J Invest Dermatol 126:2565–2575
Lee BH, Hsu WH, Liao TH, Pan TM (2011) The Monascus metabolite monascin against TNF-α-induced insulin resistance via suppressing PPAR-γ phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes. Food Chem Toxicol 49:2609–261
Song HY, Lee JA, Ju SM, Yoo KY, Won MH, Kwon HJ, EumWS, Jang SH, Choi SY, Park J (2008) Topical transduction of superoxide dismutase mediated by HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain ameliorates 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 75:1348–1357
A. Zlotogorski et al. (2013) Nutraceuticals as new treatment approaches for oral cancer: II. Green tea extracts and resveratrol, Oral Oncology 49 502–.506
Ho YC, Yang SF, Peng CY, Chou MY, Chang YC.(2007) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits the invasion of human oral cancer cells and decreases the productions of matrix metalloproteinases and urokinase-plasminogen activator. J Oral Pathol Med ;36(10):588–.93
Lamy S, Gingras D, Beliveau R. (2002) Green tea catechins inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptor phosphorylation. Cancer Res ;62:381–.5.
Cheng CW, Shieh PC, Lin YC, Chen YJ, Lin YH, Kuo DH, et al. (2010) Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, an immunomodulatory protein, is suppressed by (ꠓ)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate via blocking of gamma-interferon-induced JAKPKC-delta-STAT1 signaling in human oral cancer cells. J Agric Food Chem ;58:887–94.
Ching-Shu Lai, Min-Hsiung Pan (2011), Mechanism for Possible Chemopreventive Effects of Natural Dietary Compounds on Smoking-induced Tumorigenesis, J Exp C;3(6):262e271
Hasnis E, Bar-Shai M, Burbea Z, Reznick AZ. (2007) Mechanisms underlying cigarette smoke-induced NF-kappaB activation in human lymphocytes: the role of reactive nitrogen species. J Physiol Pharmacol ;58(Suppl. 5Pt 1):275–87.
Li N, Sun Z, Han C, Chen J. (1999) The chemopreventive effects of tea on human oral precancerous mucosa lesions. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med ;220:218–24.
Siddiqui, I.A.; Adhami, V.M.; Bharali, D.J.; Hafeez, B.B.; Asim, M.; Khwaja, S.I.; Ahmad, N.; Cui, H.; Mousa, S.A.; Mukhtar, H. (2009) Introducing nanochemoprevention as a novel approach for cancer control: Proof of principle with green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Cancer Res., 69, 1712–1716.
Ayelet Zlotogorski, Aliza Dayan, Dan Dayan, Gavriel Chaushu (2013) Nutraceuticals as new treatment approaches for oral cancer – 1 : Curcumin 188-200
Pezutto j. M.(1997) Plan-derived anticancer agents. Biochem. Pharmacol., 53, 121–133
조명훈, (2011) Mechanism of growth inhibition by curcumin in KB human oral squamous cell carcinoma 11-15
최병선, 이호, 오귀옥, 김형섭 (1998) 단핵구의 분화/활성화 유도물질이 세균내독소에 의해 유도된 MHC Classll 분자와 Integrin의 발현 및 Cytokine 생산에 미치는 영향 839-844 대한치주과학회지 Vol. 28, no.4,
Aoki H, Takada Y, Kondo S, Sawaya R, Aggarwal VVBB and Konde Y (2007) Evidence that curcumin suppresses the growth of malignant gliomas in vitro and in vivo through induction of autogphagy: role of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways. Mol Pharmacol 72:29-39
Mi-Jeong Kim, (2005) The Antiangiogenic Activity of Xanthorrhizol and Curcumin and Underlying Mechanisms
Diane M. Maher (2011) Curcumin Suppresses Human Papillomavirus Oncoproteins, Restores p53, Rb, and PTPN13 Proteins and Inhibits Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Upregulation of HPV E7, MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS 50:47–57
Weitong Sun(2014) Construction and characterization of curcumin nanoparticles system, J Nanopart Res (2014) 16:2317 DOI 10.1007/s11051-014-2317-2
Dujic J, Kippenberger S, Hoffmann S, Ramirez-bosca A,Miguel J, Diaz-Alperi J, Bereiter-Hahn J, Kaufmann R, Bernd A (2007) Low concentrations of curcumin induce growth arrest and apoptosis in skin keratinocytes only in combination with UVA or visible light. J invest Dermatol 127(8):1992-2000
Jobin C, Bradham CA, Russo MP, Juma B, Narula AS, Brenner DA, Sartor RB. Curcumin blocks cytokine-mediated NF-kappa B activation and proinflammatory gene expression by inhibiting inhibitory factor I-kappa B kinase activity 1999
Chaudhary LR, Hruska KA (2003) Inhibition of cell survival signal protein kinase B/Akt by curcumin in human prostate cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 89(1):1–5
Dujic J, Kippenberger S, Ramirez-Bosca A, Diaz-Alperi J, Bereiter-Hahn J, Kaufmann R, Bernd A, Hofmann M (2009) Curcumin in combination with visible light inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft tumor model. Int J Cancer 124:1422–1428
