[영문 에세이] 유럽 복지국가의 위기

소개글

유럽지역은 소위 복지국가의 모범국들이 모여 있다.
스웨덴, 덴마크, 노르웨이, 독일 등 1군 복지국가에서 프랑스, 영국, 네델란드 등 거의 모든 유럽국가들이 복지관련 부분은 다른 국가들에 비해 잘 발달되어 있습니다. 유럽의 역사, 민족, 문화, 정치적인 요인들이 결합하여 오늘날 유럽의 복지를 형성했다.
그러나 요즘 유럽의 복지국가들이 복지와 관련된 재정적인 문제에 직면함에 따라 복지국가로서의 위기를 맞이하고 있다.

유럽복지국가의 국가재정의 많은 부분이 복지정책관련하여 사용되고있다.
그러나 사회복지 정책중하나로 실업자를 지원함으로서 구직에 대한 열망이 감소됨에 따라 실업률이 올라갔으며, 유럽또한 전세계적인 이슈중 하나인 노령화 문제를 피해가지 못하여, 복지정책관련 예산을 높일수밖에 없으나. 노령화와 실업의 하나로 생산인원부족이 야기되었고 그에따라 세금인상등, 많은 유럽국가들이 복지국가로서의 위기를 맞이하고 있습니다.

이 페이퍼는 유럽이 복지국가로서 직면한 위기를 상술하고 있다.
유학시절 쓴 에세이입니다.

목차

1. The Cost of Welfare States 1 - Unemployment
2. The Cost of Welfare States 2 - Aging of European welfare states
① The reason of the Population Distribution shifted to old ages
② The Welfare Benefits for Elders - Social expenditure for pensions and healthcare
3. The Cost of Welfare States 3 - High Tax Rate
① Why Taxes should be increased?
② Why European Welfare states continue to raise taxes?
4. European Welfare state’s Unique Crisis
Conclusion
References

본문내용

1. The cost of welfare states 1 - Unemployment
Unemployment compensation and employment protection have been twin features of the European systems for good reason. However, unemployment levels have risen to historically very high levels and have become an almost intractable problem. Unemployment benefits that replace a high proportion of previous earnings and that last for long periods must surely or generous regular unemployment insurance benefits and universal coverage that protects first-time job seeker have a role in reducing the incentive to seek work (Camdessus 1998). Denmark has long held the title of the best place on earth to be laid off. With an expensive, generous welfare state, and the world’s most lavish unemployment insurance scheme, virtually no one falls through the cracks upon losing a job. but this unemployment insurance scheme makes people not to look for their new job and wait until just before benefits expire to take anything available although the longer a person goes without job, the harder it is to find work (Alederman 2011). Unemployment is significant problem related to financial crisis. Martin Eiermann reported in The European that according to the OECD, welfare expenditures in its member countries rose steadily between 1980 and 2007, but the increase in costs was almost completely offset by GDP growth. According to Okun's law, in economics, The "gap version" states that for every 1% increase in the unemployment rate, a country's GDP

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