[성인, 요료기계 저널 해석]

목차

1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Definition of Anaemia
4. Radiation Technique
5. Treatment Outcomes
6. Statistical Analysis
7. Results
8. Response Rate
9. Local Control
10. Distant Metastases
11. Overall Survival
12. Blood Transfusion
13. Discussion
14. Conclusion
15. References

본문내용

Introduction
Bladder carcinoma remains a major health problem, with an estimated incidence of 19 per 100 000 population in the western world. Worldwide, in 2002, there were more than 350 000 new cases of bladder cancer and 145 000 cancer deaths from the disease.[1]
The management of invasive bladder carcinoma remains controversial. The standard of care in the USA and many other countries is radical cystectomy. Radiotherapy with salvage cystectomy is offered as an equally effective option in the UK and some other countries. There have been no prospective, randomly controlled clinical trials directly comparing the two treatments. A Cochrane meta-analysis concluded that surgery was the most effective treatment option, but only three small trials were included, all of which took place before recent advances in surgery and radiotherapy .[2]
Radical radiation therapy can achieve bladder preservation and is often the treatment of choice for patients, particularly older patients, who may not be surgical candidates on the grounds of comorbidity or patient choice.

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