질병학 영어 번역과제 - Leptospira

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Leptospires enter the body through small cuts or abrasions, via mucous membranes such as the conjunctiva or through wet skin. They circulate in the blood stream, with the bacteremic phase lasting for up to 7 days. After the numbers of leptospires in the blood and tissues reach a critical level, lesions due to the action of undefined leptospiral toxin(s) or toxic cellular components and consequent symptoms appear. The primary lesion is damage to the endothelium of small blood vessels leading to localised ischemia in organs, resulting in renal tubular necrosis, hepatocellular and pulmonary damage, meningitis, myositis and placentitis. Hemorrhages occur in severe cases as do jaundice, and frequently, platelet deficiency. There is usually a mild granulocytosis and splenomegaly. Once circulating antibodies appear, leptospires are removed from the circulation and tissues by opsonophagocytosis. Tissue damage, even though it is severe, may be reversible and followed by complete repair (e.g. kidney, liver) although long lasting damage

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