A Student’s Grammar of the English Language Chapter 16 _Complementation of verbs and adjectives_
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- 2020.02.01
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intransitive verbs
Intransitive 1형식 동사. 자동사 = No complementation
Some verbs are always intransitive
ex) John has arrived.
Some verbs are both transitive and intransitive 자동사 & 타동사 → 의미 안 바뀜
ex) He smokes (a pipe)
Some verbs are both transitive and intransitive, but with a change in meaning 자동사 & 타동사 → 의미 바뀜
ex) The car stopped & She stopped the car
ex) The door opened & I opened the door.
Copular verbs (or linking verbs) 2형식 동사
16.12 subject complement
Current copulas: ex) appear, be, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste
Resulting copulas: ex) become, get, go, grow, prove, turn
complementation by adverbials 부가어
16.13
Copula that allows an adverbial as complementation is be
Space adjuncts → ex) the kitten is downstairs
Eventive subject → ex) the party will be at nine
With intransitive verbs such as live, come, go, lie, remain, stand, and stay, the adverbial is not always clearly obligatory.
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