뇌졸중 환자 운동물리치료

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"뇌졸중 환자 운동물리치료"에 대한 내용입니다.

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1. 3 뇌졸중 환자의 운동물리치료.hwp

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뇌졸중은 뇌로 연결되는 동맥이 차단(뇌경색, infarction)되거나 파열(뇌출혈, hemorrage)되어 발생한다. 이로 인하여 혈액 공급이 줄어드는 부분의 뇌 조직이 괴사하면서 증상을 나타내는 질환이다(Fig1).
뇌졸중은 C.V.A(cerebral vascular accident) 또는 Stroke이라고도 하는데, 이는 뇌혈관 장애로 인한 모든 질환을 의미하는 포괄적인 용어이다. 일반적으로는 “뇌혈관에 순환 장애가 일어나서 의식장애와 신체의 반신에 마비를 일으키는 뇌혈관 질환”이다.
“뇌졸중”은 “졸지에 쓰러진다”는 뜻인 희랍어 "Apoplexia"란 말에 해당된다. 영어의 Stroke이란 말도 "Struck with Violence"라는 뜻을 가진 희랍어에서 유래된 것인데, 번개나 갑작스런 사고로 인하여 신체의 일부 또는 전체가 마비되는 상태를 뜻한다(Yu. 2001). 이외에도 뇌졸중의 용어는 Cerebral vascular accident(C.V.A), Cerebro vascular Disease(C.V.D), Vascular disease of the brain (V.D.B), Stroke, Apoplexy등이 사용되고 있다.
“Stroke”이라는 용어는 혈액순환 장애로 나타나는 증상이 24시간 이상 지속되는 경우 사용한다. 24시간 이내에 증상이 사라지는 경우는 “일과성 뇌 허혈 발작증(transient ischemic attack, TIA)”이라 하고, 대부분 증상이 몇 분 이내에 소실되는 경우가 많다.
2013년 국민건강보험공단 표본 코호트 자료의 상병 코드를 이용하여 뇌졸중 발생률을 추정하였을 때 10만명당 92.2명이 발생하였다. 이는 총 46,495명이 매년 새로운 뇌졸중 환자가 발생한다는 의미이다. 뇌졸중 발생률은 점차 감소하는 추세이다. 뇌졸중 사망률은 2015년 기준 10만명당 29.6명으로, 이를 통해 우리나라에서 약 35분당 1명이 뇌졸중으로 사망하는 것으로 추정해볼 수 있다.

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