항생제-영문-

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항생제 영문으로 정리한겁니다.

목차

1) Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis
2) Inhibition of Cell Membrane Function
3) Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
4) Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
5) Antimetabolites

본문내용

1) Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis
interference w/ bacterial cellwall synthesis
┌ -lactam antibiotics: penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams,
│ -lactamase inhibitors
├ vancomycin, bacitracin
└ antimycobacterial agents: isoniazid, ethambutol, cycloserine
a. Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
i. PG in cellwall: glycan chains cross-linked w/ peptide bridges → rigid mesh
ii. transpeptidase (PBP)

-lactam antibiotics binds to PBP in growing bacteria
→ inhibit PG synthesis → bacterial death (bactericidal)
iii. resistance to -lactam antibiotics
① hydrolysis of the antibiotic by -lactamase: >200 different NZs.
(genes on plasmid → transfer btw bacteria)
② prevent the interaction btw the antibiotic and PBP: OM of gram(-)
③ decreased binding of the antibiotic to PBP: modified PBP
(mutation or acquisition of a new PBP)
iv. penicillins: mold Penicillium chrysogenum
highly effective w/ extremely low toxicity
종류 ① natural Pc
② penicillinase-resistant Pc
③ extended-spectrum Pc
④ -lactam + -lactamase inhibitor
v. cephalosporins: mold Cephalosporium
resistant to many -lactamases

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