도시 토양의 중금속 오염에 관하여..(Heavy Metal Contamination in Urban Soil)

소개글

토양내 중금속 오염, 특히 도시 토양내 중금속 오염에 관한 발표자료입니다.
자료는 파워포인트 형태로 모두 영어로 되어 있으며 각종 그림과 표가 첨부되어 있으며, 참고문헌까지 고스란히 적었습니다.
환경오염 관련이나 토양오염 관련한 과목 들으시는 분들에게 큰 도움이 되리라 생각되네요.

목차

INTRODUCTION

Definition of Urban Soils

Characteristics of Urban Soils

Heavy Metal Soil Contamination

- Metals in soil

Traditional Remediation of Contaminated Soil

- High temperature treatments:

- Solidifying agents:

- Washing process:

Management of Contaminated Soil

References

본문내용

Heavy Metal Soil Contamination
- Metals in soil

- Prevention of Heavy Metal Contamination

- Traditional Remediation of Contaminated Soil

- Management of Contaminated Soil
Metals in soil
Heavy metals occur naturally, but rarely at toxic levels
Metals in soil (cont.)
Excess heavy metals accumulation in soils is toxic to humans and other animals

Chronic poisoning, due to food chain transfer

- Lead: mental lapse
- Cadmium: affect kidney and liver
- Arsenic: skin poisoning
affects kidneys and central nervous system

Acute poisoning is rare, but possible

The most common problem causing:

Cationic metals:
mercury, cadmium, lead, nickel, copper, zinc, chromium, and manganese

Anionic compounds:
arsenic, molybdenum, selenium, and boron
Prevention of Heavy Metal Contamination
Preventing heavy metal pollution is critical because cleaning
contaminated soil is extremely expensive and difficult

Applicators of industrial waste or sludge must abide by the regulatory limits set by the U.S. EPA (Table 1)

Traditional Remediation of Contaminated Soil
High temperature treatments:

produce a vitrified, granular, non-leachable material

Solidifying agents:

produce cement-like material

Washing process:

leaches out contaminants
Management of Contaminated Soil
The following management practices will not remove the heavy metal contaminants, but will help to immobilize them in the soil

Increasing the soil pH to 6.5 or higher:
cationic metals are more soluble at lower pH levels

Draining wet soils:
drainage → improving aeration → oxidizing metals → less soluble

Applying phosphate: reducing the availability of cationic metals

Carefully selecting plants for use on metal-contaminated soils:
avoiding leafy vegetables like lettuce or spinach

참고 자료

Bullock ,P. and P. J. Gregory, 1991, Soils in the urban environment, Blackwell scientific publications.

Craul, P. J., 1999, Urban soils: applications and practices, John wiley & sons.

Effland, W. R. and R. V. Pouyat, 1997, The genesis, classification, and mapping of soils in urban areas, Urban ecosystems 1:217-228.

Scharenbroch, B. C., et al., 2005, Distinguishing urban soils with physical, chemical, and biological properties, Pedobiologia 49:283-296.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS), 2000, Heavy Metal Soil Contamination, Urban Technical Note No. 3, USDA-NRCS.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS), 2005, Urban Soil Primer, USDA-NRCS.