공리주의에 대한 Essay입니다. 제목은 Utilitarianism in the Victorian Age as a Ruling Ideology 입니다.

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Utilitarianism in the Victorian Age as a Ruling Ideology

Utilitarianism is an ideology proposed by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill in late 18th to 19th century. The main idea of utilitarianism is pursuing public happiness rather than so called ‘selfish’ individual benefits. Thus, its main focus is not on the process but on the consequence, and according to this notion we may understand that if derives a good conclusion then such behavior in process is totally acceptable no matter what it is. This idea was practical and considerate thought in that period, so it is worth to call it as the most significant and essential idea during the Victorian age. As the matter of course, from the Victorian age this ideology has been severely criticized by many scholars and philosophers such as Thomas Carlyle, Karl Marx, and John Henly Newman because of its idea of computing happiness merely by all kinds of human behavior. At some point their argument makes sense, however, utilitarianism is regarded as a foundation of modern society in many features. In that sense, utilitarianism was the dominant ideology in the Victorian Age and this is clearly noticeable by considering the historical background, influences to modern society and speculating the criticisms given in that time.
Historical background shows that utilitarianism was the fundamental ideology during the late 18th to the early 19th century in England.

참고 자료

Carlyle, Thomas. ‘Chapter 9. Everlasting Yea.’ Sartor Resartus 1833-34.
Newman, John Henly. ‘Discourse 7. Knowledge Viewed in Relation to Professional Skill.’ The Idea of A University 1854.
Marx, Karl and Engels, Frederick. ‘I- Bourgeois and Proletarians.’ Manifesto of the Communist Party 1848
Mill, John Stuart. ‘Utilitarianism.’ Fraser’s Magazine 1861.