energy by the emission of an Auger Electron.X-ray Photoelectron SpectrometerX-ray SourceElectron OpticsHemispherical ... Photoelectron Binding Energies versus Atomic Number (Z)Instruments of XPS [2]Schematic of X-ray MonochromatorSampleX-ray ... Can be coupled with separate post-source monochromators containing crystals, for high resolution (x-ray